Method of forming and impregnating fibrous pads



April 29, 1941, c. FIELD ETA LI METHOD OF FORMING AND IMPREGNATINGFIBROUS PADS Filed Dec. 27, 1938 4 Sheets-Sheet i April 29, 1941. c.FIELD ETAL 2,240,135

METHOD FORMING AND IMr REGNATING FIBROUS PADS I Filed Dec. 2'7, 1938 4Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTORS Crosb field Gem! 6.700112 BY W W ATTORNE YApril 29, 1941. c. FIELD EI 'AL METHOD OF FORMING AND IMPREGNATINGFIBROUS PADS Fil ed Dec. 27, 1958 4 Sheets-Sheet s l I I l l Ilnlllllllll h"H-" INVENTOR Crash Y Geral rToRNEY Api-il-29, 1941.

c, FIELD ETAL METHOD OF FORMING AND IMPREGNATING- FIBROUS P AD$ FiledDec. 27, 1938 4 Sheets-*Sheet 4 43 w w I 22 W w k 5 O J I, J g a A m m 10 0 I3 J x i 24 w v 1 W /Z 6/ a 2 H fi% 1 s. a r. pm o \v o I a mPatented Apr. 29, 1941 METHOD or FORMING m nrraacmmo rmaous PADS CrosbyField, Brooklyn, and Gerald Crandall Toole, St. Albans, N. Y., assignorsto Brillo Manufacturing Company, Inc., a corporation of New YorkApplication December 27, 1938, Serial No. 247,762 12 Claims. (Cl.252-91) The present invention is herein disclosed as applied to specificcases while the materials and apparatus are primarily designed formaking steel wool pads, and for impregnating them with soap; but variousfeatures of the method, and also of the apparatus, may be useful asapplied to specifically different materials, or purposes.

Specifically considered, the method includes making the pads from metalwool, usually steel wool, preferably in the form of a continuous stripcomprising a large number of long,-curly., springy fibers. Steel woolfibers as blown off from a predetermined number of adjacent knives ofwool cutting machines of the type disclosed in Field Patent No.1,608,481, readily form fluify springy strips suitable for our purposes.Under normal conditions, or under predetermined applied tension, equallengths of such a strip will contain the same amount of wool.

According to the present ,invention, feed mechanism pulls the stripmaterial into the machine intermittently, each pull measuring off thesame length of strip, each strip containing suflicient wool for one pad.

Eacli length is cut off, and the feed mechanism pushes the leading endof the strip into a forming chamber, and then completely releases it.The cross-section of this forming chamber is preferably the same as thelarger-area dimensions of the pad.

After the leading end of the strip has been pushed into said chamber,opposite, continuouslyrotating spinning needles, are forced into saidleading end. These needles are axially aligned and rotate in planesparallel with the direction of the feed-in, so that the untensioned,leading and trailing portions of the fiufiy strip, are wound in a fewfluffy layers, the volume of which may be four or five times the volumeof the pad to be made therefrom.

On each spinner there are preferably two needles, located eccentricallyto their axis of rotation, so that the interior consists mostly of theleading end of the strip; and, the exterior layers as wound on theoutside of said needles, tend toward elliptical; but when the needlesare withdrawn, the outer layers become cylindrical. This cylindricalstructure and its fiufiiness are importantas concerns uniformity ofdistribution of the wool, when the relatively large diameter cylinder isflattened to form a relatively thin pad.

of this mold is formed with passages through which the fluid soap isejected downward into the cylindrical mass, just after the up-movingpiston has closed the lateral inlet, but before" it has applied anysubstantial compression. These passages are preferably of relativelysmall crosssection and are distributed over a considerable area of thetop end of the mold, so as to properly.

distribute the soap. As explained below, distribution of the soap may beassisted by beginning its discharge before friction, or compression, hascompletely stopped rotation of the cylindrical wool; and, in any event,the high pressure applied in flattening the pad, is highly effective fordistribution of the soap throughout the thickness of the pad.

This upper end wall of the mold could be made removable, and the pistongiven an additional vertical movement for ejecting the pad, but thereare special advantages in making this end wall a stationary plate,permanently connected with, and forming the bottom of the soap supplyingchamber. This requires making the side walls of the mold, slidableedgewise, into and out of registry with the compressor. In the form ofapparatus shown such edgewise movement of the mold frame is effectivelyprovided for by having a series of mold frame holes formed in a rotaryplate which is mounted on an axis parallel with the compressor, andprovided with indexing mechanism whereby successive mold frame holes maybe moved into operative registry with the compressor to receive andshape a pad, and then carry it to a position in registry with anejector, whereby the formed pad is ejected from the I frame, preferablydownward, so that the pad falls While the above steps of the method areimon a conveyer which carries it to a point suitable for otheroperations, as for instance drying, cooling or packaging the pads.

The above and other features of our apparatus, as well as of our method,will be more clearly understood from the following description inconnection with the accompanying drawings. in

which Fig.;l is a top plan view;

Fig. is a vertical section on the line 2-2,

1; 1 2 lg, 3 is an end elevation viewed from the left of Figs. 1 and 2;

Fig. 4 is a detailplan view of the mold frame rotor and a Geneva. camdrive and stop mechl anism in operative relation thereto;

Figs. 5 and 6 are detail views on a large scale, I showing thestrip-gripping feed-in mechanism, in its relation to the knife forcutting off the rear end of the tensioned and measured strip of metalwool; Fig. 5 being a plan view; and Fig. 6 being a front end view of theparts as shown in Fig.5; Fig. 7 is a vertical section on the line 1-1,Fig. 2, showing the compressor, spinning needles, operating mechanismtherefor and the soap supplying means at the upper end thereof;

Fig. 7a is a detail perspective showing the cams and levers foractuating. the valve and piston of the. soap pump; a

Fig. 8 is a plan view showing the cams and driving mechanism forcontrolling simultaneous 5 inward and outward movements of thecontinuously spinning needles; and

Fig. 9 is a perspective view of a square soap and metal wool pad whichwill be formed when the cross-sectional shape of the compressor 0chamber and mold is a square. 7

Referring to these drawings, it will be seen that while various of theabove described steps of our method could be Performed by hand, and

some of them could be omitted, a very important part of the invention isthe apparatus, which is a complete machine organized so that all of thesteps are automatically formed, in proper succession on each pad; andsome of the operations sive pads.

Referring to Fig. 2, supplemented by Figs. 1 and 3, it will be seen thatthe fluffy longitudinally elastic strip material a: enters the machinethrough a rectangular funnel l. in alignment with a pair of idler rolls2, one of which is vertically adjustable by screws 3. 7 As shown in Fig.2, the leading end of the ribbon x is in the plane of the rotary knifeI, and

rests on stationary shear 4a. See Figs. 5 and 6.

Traction on the ribbon is applied by two sets of fingers 5, 5a, thefingers of one set 5 being attached crosswise to; and projectinglaterally from, two sets of parallel chains 6, 8, which are similar, andare supported and caused to rotate at the same speed by three pairs ofsprockets, namely, sprockets 1, I, on shaft la at the feed-in end; 8, 8,on shaft 8d at the delivery end of the feed; and 9, 9, intermediate. Thelatter are on separate shafts 9a, 8a, which are each vertically sprocket1 on shaft c. Fig. 2; and shaft 12 is driven from Ia, through said gearslb. All the other feed chain sprockets are idlers, driven through saidfeed chains. I

Each set of fingers 5.5a, consists of several 4 are being simultaneouslyperformed on sucoes- 40 fingers in series, and preferablythelaterallyprojecting wool-c i l ng Portion! of fi m gers are each coveredby rubber tube as lb. Figs. 5 and 6. As will be obvious. the chainscause these fingers to travel in the direction of the arrows Fig. 2.They successively engage the rib-g bon in the rear of its leading endand pull it endwise between upper and lower plates ll, Ila, of anopenoended, box-like passage; and then push said leading end throughopening II in the side of a vertical compressor chamber l2. The oppositefingers separate successively, the last pair, leaving the ribbonentirely free. In a special case, with B-tooth sprockets, half inchlinks, fingers on 6 links, and with the initial fingerengagement an inchor so in rear of the leading end, about 2 inches of the ribbon may bepushed into a 2% inch compressor chamber.

Befcre this happens, however, and while the ribbon is still beingpulledthrough passage 'll.

Ila, against tensioning resistance of idler rolls 2,

the knife 4 cuts off the measured length of tensioned ribbon, :c',thereby freeing it from tension.

This knife is rigidly mounted on rotating shaft 4b, and its rotation istimed so that it passes the stationary shear la when the proper lengthshall have been measured oil; thus leaving a leading end of ribbon aresting on said stationary shear,

as described above.

The bottom of the chamber I2, is the retracted compressor piston i3, andthe top is the stationary plate l5, against which the piston compressesthe metal wool to form the pad.

The piston is in the lowermost, position while the sets of fingers havebeen pushing the leading end of the ribbon into the compressor and havereleased the ribbon, leaving it entirely free. While the piston is stillin this lowermost position, pairs of rapidly spinning needles i1, Ila,are projected endwise into the box and into engagement with the leadingend of the ribbon therein. These needles are eccentrically located withrespect to the axes of shafts 20, 20a, by which they are rotated. Beingrapidly revolved in planes parallel with the length of the ribbon: andthe cut-off length of ribbon being free, the needles quickly wind it upinto cylindrical form. 'Ihereupon the needles are withdrawn,'leaving theloosely rolled cylinder of metal woolfree, within'the compressorchamber.

The lateral stresses applied on the needles in winding the free ribbonare very small, and means for giving them their endwlse and rotarymovements may be correspondingly simplebAs shown in Fig. '1, the needlesare similarly and symmetrically arranged, as also the means for giving;each pair the required movements. The needles H are endwise slidable ina rotary bushing or journal is, which is rotatably mounted in the wallof the compressor chamber, flush with the inner surface thereof. Theneedles are rigidly secured in a disc is which is secured to and rotatedby shaft 20. Said shaft is rotatable-in slidable block 2|, which iskeyed against rotation by slidable engagement with a parallel stationaryguide-bar 22. The non-rotating slidable blOCkfZl, imparts forwardmovement to the spinnerby rotary bearing against disc l9; and retractingmovement by bearing on collar "a which is'secured on shaft 20. Saidshaft 20 is slidably spllned in a bushing or journal 23, which isrotatably mounted in the frame of the machine as shown, and which isdriven through sprocket 24 by chain 25,

An intermediate portion of chain 25 engages a sprocket on countershaft26. This latter sprocket is of the same diameter as sprocket 2|,consequently shaft 28 rotates at the same rate as needle shaft 26. Atthe other end, similar sprocket drives chain 26:: which drives asprocket 26a precisely similar and symmetrical with respect to sprocket26; and all the movements of the needles, Ila, with respect to thissprocket, and

the means permitting them are the same but symmetrically opposite tothose for needles i"|;

except, of course, both sets of needles revolve in the same direction.Therefore, the means for projecting the pairs of needles endwise intothe compressor chamber and withdrawing them therefrom will bespecifically described in connection with needles i1. As shown (Fig. 7)the block 2| is connected by link 21, to lever 26, which is pivotallyanchored at 29 and which has intermediate its length a roller 29abearing on cam 60 which is rotated by sprocket 61 on stationary journal32. The lever 26, is tensioned by spring 33 so that the needles I'i willbe projected into the compressor by spring pressure upon block 2!; andthe cam 66, as shown in Fig. 8, is formed with symmetrically located camdepressions which permit the springs to thrust the needle into theposition shown in Fig. 7. The

. cam 30 also has symmetrical concentric cam projections which hold theneedles in the withdrawn position. The depressions extend throughrelatively short arcs, so the needles operate for relative shortperiods. This is permissible because they rotate at high speed, on afree untensioned length of the fluffy wool.

Fig. 2 shows that chain 25 which drives the .spinning needles, is itselfdriven through sprocket 26!), on shaft 3, which is driven by chain 2607,which is driven from a sprocket on the shaft of a motor not shown, butwhich as noted below is preferably the same electric motor that drivesthe compressor and spinner-shifting mechanism.

The spinner-shifting cam 36 is synchronized with all other parts of themachine, the sprocket wheel 3i which rotates it being driven throughchain 3ia, sprocket 3Ib, shaft 1), bevel gears o, n, shaft m, sprocket1, chain It and sprocket i which is keyed to central shaft 1, carryingthe cam which operates the compressor. Thus the in and outreciprocations of the needles are timed accurately with respect to themovements of the plunger. cam 30, being symmetrical, as shown in Fig. 8,only half a revolution of the cam is required to feed one in and outcycle of endwise movement of the spinning needle. Consequently, sinceall other gears between the compressor cam shaft and the sprocket 3!have a one to one ratio, the proper one to two ratio for the cam, isprovided for by making sprocket 3| twice the diameter of drivingsprocket 3ib.

The central cam shaft 2', is driven through speed-reducing gearing, andas shown in dotted lines Fig, 2, this, includes sprocket h, on saidshaft i; chain 9; sprocket I; shaft e; sprocket d; chain c; sprocket b;and shaft a, which latter is driven through sprocket (1 preferably fromanothersprocket on the same motor shaft that drives adjacent chain 26d,of the needle-spinning mechanism.

Referring again to Fig. 2, it will be seen that during the time when thespinning needles have been operating, the compressor piston I3 has beenheld in its lowermost position by the concentric small radius portion ofcompressor cam 60, which is engaged by-a roller "a, carried by radiusarm l3b, pivoted on shaft lic, and which controls said The'depressionsand projections of piston it, through link lid which is adjustable forwear and tear and also for various compressions that may be desired forthe pads.

By the time cam 66 has rotated far enough to have roller [8a traversethe concentric small,

radius part of its groove and before the outward slant to the largeradius part begins, the. spinning needles now shown in Fig. 2, willhavecompleted their work of rolling up the metal wool in cylindricalform and will have been withdrawn. Thereupon the cam groove forces thecompressor piston upward. closing the ribbon inlet opening ll throughthe side walls. of the compression chamber i2. Then, before the looselywound metal wool has been substantially compressed, the pump operates toexpel fluid soap through the cavity 66 and openings 6|, into thecompression cylinder i2. downward onto said uncompressed wool. As shownin Fig. 7, the discharge of the soap is effected by means of a piston 61reciprocating in pump cylinder 62. The flowof V the soap to and fromthis pump cylinder is controlled by a three-way valve 63, which, duringthe suction stroke, communicates with the supply pipe 64, through whichthe soap flows from the soap kettle. In the position shown in Fig. 1a,

the pump is in communication with the down-' flow outlet pipe 66,through which the soap flows into said chamber 56. This three-way valve63 is controlled by lever 66. It will be obvious from the Fig. 7a. thatwhen this lever is rocked on its axis, toward the right, the pump willbe in communication with the soap supplypipe and the downflow outletthrough pipe 66, will be closed.

As shown in Fig. 3, the means for operating the pump plunger and valveinclude the central shaft i, which rotates shaft r at right anglesthereto, through 1 to 1 bevel gears; and shaft 1-, through chain 8,rotates a higher level shaft t, at the same speed. As shown in Fig. 7a,shaft it carries a peripheral push-cam I0, which positively pushesupward on horizontal lever 1| and link i2, thereby causing bell crank13, pivoted at II, to retract link 15 which is pivoted to collar16,-which is adjustably secured on the stem 66, of piston in soap pump62. The lever 'l l is pulled downward by a parallel lever Ila, which ispushed downward by said cam Ill, this motion being transmitted to leverll through a link 11, which can be lengthenedor shortened, as by axialrotation of its shank portion, to screw it in or out of the end pieceswhereby it is pivoted to said levers 1!, Ha.

There may be, and usually is a certain amount of lost motion betweenup-push on lever I I and down-push on lever Ila; and this lost motion isbiased in favor of contact of lever H, with cam 16, by tension spring 16which is stretched for ward from link 15, to the frame of the machine.The length of stroke of the pump may be changed by shifting the upperpivot of link 12, in the.

ary end closure I! through which the soap is being discharged. Thispressure serves to flatten the cylindrical wool to a relatively thinsquare pad impregnated with soap, as indicated more or lessdiagrammatically in Fig. 9. Piston [3 then withdraws, leaving the cakein the mold; and the soap valve closes.

The side-wall, or frame element of the mold in which the piston l3leaves the cake, is a square hole In in an edgewise movable plate I21)and, in this case this plate is a rotor which is shown in Fig. 4 ashaving eight such holes, equally distributed at equal distances from theaxis of shaft I20, on which said rotor is mounted. As shown in Fig. 2,this shaft H is parallel with the compressor; and, as shown in Fig. 4,the mold holes Ila are successively indexed to and held in position ofregistry with the compressor, by a rotary Geneva cam and stop drive 89,of well known type, which is keyed on the above mentioned vertical shaft12, as indicated in Figs. 2 and 4.

The upper end of this same shaft 11 carries a cam 90 for holding out ofoperation and permitting operation of an ejector 9| registering with oneof the frame, holes l2a of rotor I 2b. The shape of this cam is shown inFig. 1, which in connection with Fig. 2 will make it obvious that theejector Si is held in retracted position, with the spring 92 compressed,during most of the revolution of said Vertical shaft 12. To so hold it,the cam 90 applies thrust on bell crank 93 operating through link 84 tolift the stem of the ejector against gravity and against pressure ofsaid spring; but at the proper time, when the frame rotor is locked bythe Geneva stop, a depression in the cam allows the spring to operateand eject the pad onto conveyer I 00. The intake end of this conveyer isrotated through sprocket 99,.chain 98, and sprocket 91, on the abovedescribed intermediate shaft 1' which is rotated by shaft 1', throughthe 1 to 1 bevel gears.

This shaft 1' also drives the rotary knife 4 through sprocket a, chain11, and sprocket w, on the shaft 4b, whereon the rotary knife 4 is'mounted. As indicated in Fig. 1, this shaft has slight endwise play,and is thrust to the left by spring 40 so as to yieldably hold therotary knife 4 in shearing relation to the stationary shear 4a.

There are certain details of functioning of the spinning needles whichcontribute to the production of a fluffy cylindrical roll; and to adistribution of the wool therein particularly adapting it for flatteningand compression into pads having approximately standard weight andstandard distribution of wool therein, as well as standard thickness andperipheral form. Referring to Fig. '7, it will be seen that the bushingsl8, which are rotated by the slidable needles l1, Ila, have their innersurfaces flush with the walls of compressor chamber i2. Moreover, thesecontinuously rotated bushings have a diameter substantially equal to thewidth of said chamber.

Consequently, when the wholly free ribbon .12 is engaged by the needles,the edge portions of said ribbon bear against surfaces that are rotatingtherewith, and they will encounter no frictional resistance and will besubject to no endwise compression while the strip has been wound to awidth approximately that of said chamber. Moreover, the ribbon, beingentirely free, there is nothing to apply any radial inward pressure, orany longitudinal tension on the ribbon such as could promote tightwinding, or otherwise deprive it of its characteristic of relativeflufliness.

Moreover, after the needles are withdrawn the cylinder tends to have endsupport and rotate with said inner surfaces of said bushings; and

even while the comprwsor piston is pushing the cylinder upward adistance substantially equal to its own diameter, substantial portionsof the end surfaces of said cylinder are in contact with said rotating,high-speed inner faces of said bushings, and tend to be more or lessrotated thereby. These factors combine to form a cylinder with definite,but uncompressed end surfaces and also to rotate such cylinder on itsaxis. So, while it is practically impossible to observe just when thewool cylinder stops rotating, indirect evidence, such as thedistribution of the soap in the wool, indicates that at the time whenthe inlet opening ll closes and the discharge of the soap begins, thewool cylinder has substantial rotation about its own axis, therebydistributing soap over the cylindrical surface thereof.

We claim:

1. A method of making soaped metal wool pads from fluffy metal wool,which includes successively forming approximately equal weights of thefluffy wool into fluify bodies, discharging fluid soap on said woolwhile in fluffy condition, then highly compressing the thus soapedfluify wool, to distribute the fluid soap therein and form a relativelydense pad of predetermined shape and then solidifying said soap.

2. A method of making soaped metal wool pads from metal wool ribbons ofthe class described, which includes stretching the ribbon toward itselastic limit; severing approximately equal lengths thereof while sotensioned; forming each length into a fluffy body, discharging fluidsoap on the outer surface thereof, highly compressing the thus soapedfluify body to distribute the fluid soap therein and form a relativelydense pad of predetermined shape; and then solidifying said soap.

3. A method of making metal wool pads from metal wool ribbons, whichmethod includes separating the ribbon into lengths suitable for one pad,winding-each length of ribbon without tensioning it, to form a fluffyroll, supplying the roll with fluid soap; highly compressing the rolldiametrically, to flatten it, distribute said fluid soap therein, andform a relatively dense pad of predetermined shape; and then solidifyingsaid soap.

4. A method of making metal wool pads from fluffy metal wool ribbons ofthe class described, which includes segregating lengths of ribbon ofapproximately equal weight, loosely winding each length to form a fluffyroll having length and diameter approximating the two larger dimensionsof the desired pad; discharging fluid soap on the fluffy roll;flattening the thus soaped fluify cylinder diametrically, to distributesaid fluid soap therein and form a relatively dense pad having one ofits dimensions approximately the same as the length of the cylinder; andthen solidifying said soap.

5. A method of making metal wool pads from metal wool ribbons, whichmethod includes successively stretching lengths of ribbon toapproximately .the same predetermined tension, cutting off successivesubstantially equal lengths thereof while under such tension, and whenreleased from such tension, loosely winding each length of ribbon, toform a roll; discharging fluid soap on the roll; highly compressing theroll to flatten the same, distribute said fluid soap therein, and form arelatively dense pad of predetermined shape; and then solidifying thesoap.

6. A method of ,making soaped metal wool pads from metal wool ribbons,which method includes successively stretching lengths of ribbon toapproximately the same predetermined tension and cutting ofi successivesubstantially equal lengths thereof while under such tension, looselywinding each lengthof ribbon to form a roll; discharging fluid soap uponthe peripheral surface thereof, applying high pressure diametrically ofsaid roll, to distribute the fluid soap therein and flatten it to form arelatively dense pad of predetermined shape; and then solidifying saidsoap.

'7. A method of making soaped metal wool pads from metal wool ribbons,which method includes successively stretching lengths of ribbon toapproximately the same predetermined tension and cutting oil successivesubstantially equal lengths thereof while under such tension, looselywinding each length at high speed to form a loosely wound roll; and,while the roll still has rotary motion about its own axis, dischargingfluid soap upon the peripheral surface thereof; applying high pressurediametrically of said roll to distribute the fluid soap therein andflatten it to form a relatively dense pad of predetermined shape; andthen solidifying said soap.

8. A method of making soaped metal wool pads from metal wool ribbons,which method includes separating the ribbon into lengths suitable forone pad, loosely winding each length of ribbon, to flufiy, cylindricalform at high speed and, while the cylinder still has rotary motion aboutits own axis, discharging fluid soap upon the cylindrical surfacethereof, highly compressing the thus soaped fluify metal wool, todistribute the fluid soap therein and flatten it to form a relativelydense pad of predetermined shape, and then solidifying said soap.

9. A method of making soaped metal wool pads from flufly metal woolribbons of the class described, which includes segregating lengths ofribbon of approximately equal weight, loosely winding each length toform a flufl'y roll; having length and diameter approximating the twolarger dimensions of the desired pad; discharging fluid soap on theouter surface of the flufiy roll; flattening the thus soaped rolldiametrically, to distribute the fluid soap therein and form arelatively dense pad having one of its dimensions approximately the sameas the length of the cylinder; and then solidifying said soap.

10. A method of making soap impregnated metal wool pads from fluffymetal wool ribbons of the class described, which includes segregatinglengths of ribbon of approximately equal weight, winding each length toform a fluffy roll having axial length approximately equal to one of theI dimensions of the desired pad; flattening the thus soaped flufiycylinder diametrically, under high pressure, to distribute the soaptherein and form a relatively dense rectangular pad; and thensolidifying said soap.

11. A method of making soaped metal wool pads from fluffy metal woolribbons of the class described, which includes segre ating lengths ofribbon of approximately equal weight, loosely winding each length onellipse-producing centers to form a flufiy roll having an approximatelycylindrical periphery, while edgewise confining the ribbon to an axiallength approximately equal to one of the dimensions of the desired pad;then releasing said flufiy roll from ellipse-producing restraint;discharging fluid soap on the outer surface thereof, flattening the thussoaped fluffy roll diametrically, under high pressure to distribute thesoap therein and form a relatively dense rectangular pad; and thensolidifying said soap. 12. A method of making soaped metal wool padsfrom flufiy metal wool ribbons of the class described, which includessegregating lengths of ribbon of approximately equal weight, looselywinding each length on ellipse-producing centers to form a fluffy roll,while edgewise confining the ribbon to an axial widthapproximately equalto one of the dimensions of the desired pad, then releasing said rollfrom ellipse-producing restraint; and discharging fluid soap thereonflattening the roll diametrically, under high pressure, to distributesaid fluid soap therein and form a relatively dense rectangular pad, andsolidifying said soap.

CROSBY FIELD.

GERALD CRANDALL TOOLE.

